# 4.8 Approach

### Objective

To establish a stable, controlled and smooth transition from descent into final approach, ensuring a safe and predictable landing.

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</div>### Approach Philosophy (VA Standard)

The approach continues the descent philosophy:

- **Vertical path → primarily pilot controlled (Selected modes)**
- **Speed → managed by aircraft (Managed mode)**

Focus:

- Passenger comfort
- Stabilized approach
- Controlled energy management

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</div>### Approach Preparation

**PF:**

- Conducts full approach briefing: 
    - Runway
    - Approach type (ILS / RNAV)
    - Minimums
    - Missed approach procedure

**PM:**

- Verifies MCDU setup
- Tunes and identifies navigation aids
- Sets minimums

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</div>### Initial Approach Phase

- Descent continues using: 
    - **Selected V/S (preferred)**
    - Managed Descent only if required
- **Speed → MANAGED**

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</div>### Localizer Capture

- Arm approach mode (APPR) as required
- Monitor LOC capture

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</div>### Glide Slope Intercept

#### Configuration Requirement:

👉 **Flaps 2 must be set BEFORE Glide Slope capture**

This ensures:

- Stable aerodynamic configuration
- Smooth GS interception
- Reduced workload during capture

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</div>### Configuration During Approach

Progressive configuration:

- Flaps 1 → as speed decreases
- **Flaps 2 → BEFORE GS capture (mandatory SOP)**

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</div>### Final Approach (Stabilization Phase)

#### Configuration Targets:

By **latest 5 NM Final:**

- Gear → DOWN
- Flaps → FULL (in progress or completed)

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</div>#### Stabilization Requirement:

By **2 NM Final (latest at MINIMUM call):**

The aircraft MUST be:

- Fully configured (**Flaps FULL, Gear DOWN**)
- At **Final Approach Speed (VAPP)**
- On correct vertical and lateral path
- Stable descent rate

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</div>### Speed Management

- **Managed Speed maintained throughout STAR and approach**

On final:

- Aircraft transitions to **VAPP automatically**
- Manual intervention only if required

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</div>### Stabilized Approach Criteria

At:

- **1000 ft (IMC)**
- **500 ft (VMC)**

Aircraft must be:

- On correct flight path
- At correct speed
- Fully configured
- Stable

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</div>### If NOT stabilized:

👉 **Immediate GO-AROUND**

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</div>### Monitoring (PM)

- Localizer / Glide slope deviation
- Speed trend (VAPP control)
- Configuration status
- Callouts

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</div>### Standard Callouts

- “LOC STAR”
- “GLIDE SLOPE STAR”
- “FLAPS 2”
- “GEAR DOWN”
- “FLAPS FULL”
- “STABLE”

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</div>### Mode Philosophy

- **Vertical path:**
    - Controlled via GS or pilot input
- **Speed:**
    - Managed by aircraft

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</div>### Exceptions

Deviation from SOP allowed only if:

- **ATC instructions**
- **Abnormal situations**
- **Safety requires immediate action**

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</div>### Core Rule

**“Stabilize early – never chase the aircraft.”**

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</div>### Outcome

A correct approach results in:

- Fully stabilized final
- Predictable aircraft behavior
- Safe and smooth landing phase