9.3 Approach & Landing Speeds

VAPP – Final Approach Speed
VAPP is the target speed during final approach.
It includes:
Reference landing speed (VLS)
Wind correction
Safety margin
Stability Requirement
Maintaining VAPP ensures:
Stable descent
Predictable aircraft response
Safe landing performance
Operational Note
Excessive speed leads to:
Long landing distance
Unstable flare
Too low speed leads to:
Reduced lift
Increased stall risk
Core Rule
“A stable approach requires a stable speed.”