# 9.3 Approach & Landing Speeds

### VAPP – Final Approach Speed

VAPP is the target speed during final approach.

It includes:

- Reference landing speed (VLS)
- Wind correction
- Safety margin

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</div>### Stability Requirement

Maintaining VAPP ensures:

- Stable descent
- Predictable aircraft response
- Safe landing performance

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</div>### Operational Note

Excessive speed leads to:

- Long landing distance
- Unstable flare

Too low speed leads to:

- Reduced lift
- Increased stall risk

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</div>### Core Rule

**“A stable approach requires a stable speed.”**